II. Natürlicher und anthropogener Klimawandel

9. Wann war der CO₂-Gehalt der Atmosphäre zuletzt so hoch wie heute?

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12. Yang, D., Liu, Y., Cai, Z., Chen, X., Yao, L., Lu, D. (2018): First Global Carbon Dioxide Maps Produced from TanSat Measurements: Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 35 (6), 621-623.

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17. Ilyinskaya, E., Mobbs, S., Burton, R., Burton, M., Pardini, F., Pfeffer, M. A., Purvis, R., Lee, J., Bauguitte, S., Brooks, B., Colfescu, I., Petersen, G. N., Wellpott, A., Bergsson, B. (2018): Globally Significant CO₂ Emissions From Katla, a Subglacial Volcano in Iceland: Geophysical Research Letters 45 (19), 10,332-310,341.

18. Ise, T., Dunn, A. L., Wofsy, S. C., Moorcroft, P. R. (2008): High sensitivity of peat decomposition to climate change through water-table feedback: Nature Geoscience 1 (11), 763-766.

19. Philben, M., Holmquist, J., MacDonald, G., Duan, D., Kaiser, K., Benner, R. (2015): Temperature, oxygen, and vegetation controls on decomposition in a James Bay peatland: Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29 (6), 729-743.

20. Hodgkins, S. B., Richardson, C. J., Dommain, R., Wang, H., Glaser, P. H., Verbeke, B., Winkler, B. R., Cobb, A. R., Rich, V. I., Missilmani, M., Flanagan, N., Ho, M., Hoyt, A. M., Harvey, C. F., Vining, S. R., Hough, M. A., Moore, T. R., Richard, P. J. H., De La Cruz, F. B., Toufaily, J., Hamdan, R., Cooper, W. T., Chanton, J. P. (2018): Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance: Nature Communications 9 (1), 3640.

21. Jassey, V. E. J., Signarbieux, C. (2019): Effects of climate warming on Sphagnum photosynthesis in peatlands depend on peat moisture and species-specific anatomical traits: Global Change Biology 25 (11), 3859-3870.

22. Thakur, M. P., Reich, P. B., Hobbie, S. E., Stefanski, A., Rich, R., Rice, K. E., Eddy, W. C., Eisenhauer, N. (2018): Reduced feeding activity of soil detritivores under warmer and drier conditions: Nature Climate Change 8 (1), 75-78.

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24. Pugh, T. A. M., Lindeskog, M., Smith, B., Poulter, B., Arneth, A., Haverd, V., Calle, L. (2019): Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (10), 4382-4387.

25. Woosley, R. J., Millero, F. J., Wanninkhof, R. (2016): Rapid anthropogenic changes in CO₂ and pH in the Atlantic Ocean: 2003–2014: Global Biogeochemical Cycles 30 (1), 70-90.

26. Barnes, D. K. A. (2015): Antarctic sea ice losses drive gains in benthic carbon drawdown: Current Biology 25 (18), R789-R790.

27. Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Haumann, F. A., Rödenbeck, C., Bakker, D. C. E., van Heuven, S., Hoppema, M., Metzl, N., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wanninkhof, R. (2015): The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink: Science 349 (6253), 1221-1224.

28. Sutton, A. J., Wanninkhof, R., Sabine, C. L., Feely, R. A., Cronin, M. F., Weller, R. A. (2017): Variability and trends in surface seawater pCO₂ and CO₂ flux in the Pacific Ocean: Geophysical Research Letters 44 (11), 5627-5636.

29. Ibánhez, J. S. P., Araujo, M., Lefèvre, N. (2016): The overlooked tropical oceanic CO₂ sink: Geophysical Research Letters 43 (8), 3804-3812.

30. Brothers, S., Sibley, P. (2018): Light may have triggered a period of net heterotrophy in Lake Superior: Limnology and Oceanography 63 (4), 1785-1798.

31. Wanninkhof, R., Triñanes, J., Park, G.-H., Gledhill, D., Olsen, A. (2019): Large Decadal Changes in Air-Sea CO₂ Fluxes in the Caribbean Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124 (10), 6960-6982.

32. Them, T. R., Gill, B. C., Selby, D., Gröcke, D. R., Friedman, R. M., Owens, J. D. (2017): Evidence for rapid weathering response to climatic warming during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: Scientific Reports 7 (1), 5003.

33. Liu, Z., Macpherson, G. L., Groves, C., Martin, J. B., Yuan, D., Zeng, S. (2018): Large and active CO₂ uptake by coupled carbonate weathering: Earth-Science Reviews 182, 42-49.

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41. Hinweis: Unter Abbaurate wird die Zeit verstanden, in der der Ausgangswert auf einen Wert von 1/e=0,3679 absinkt. Die Halbwertszeit ergibt sich aus Abbaurate mal ln 2. So wird aus einer Abbaurate von 50 Jahren eine Halbwertszeit von 34,7 Jahren.

42. Global Carbon Project (2019): Global Carbon Budget 2019: https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/19/files/GCP_CarbonBudget_2019.pdf

43. Keenan, T. F., Prentice, I. C., Canadell, J. G., Williams, C. A., Wang, H., Raupach, M., Collatz, G. J. (2016): Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂ due to enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake: Nature Communications 7 (1), 13428.